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- CNTT Hybrid Multi-Cloud Architecture (includes Edge)
- CNTT Edge Architecture
Topic Areas:
(RM Chapter 3 new section on Edge Computing w/o OpenStack specifics)
Edge deployment scenarios
...
Controlled: Indoors, Protected, and Restricted environments. Data Centers, Central Offices, Indoor venues. Operational benefits for installation and maintenance, and reduced need for hardening/ruggedized.
Exposed: Outdoors, Exposed, Harsh and Unprotected environments. Expensive rugged equipment
...
Cloud partitioning: Host Aggregates, Availability Zones
OpenStack Edge Reference Architecture provides more depth and details
Edge Deployments:
Small footprint edge device: only networking agents
...
SDN Networking support on Edge
(RM Potential Ch 2 as a specialised workoad type)
Network Function as a Service (NFaaS)
Higher level services such as Network Functions (includes composition of Network Functions to form higher level services) offered on Telco and other clouds (HCP, specialised, etc.). While here the discussion is about NFaaS, this is equally applicable to anything as a service (XaaS)
- NFaaS offered on one or more Cloud Services (Telco, HCP, others) including at the Edge
- Network integration and Service Chaining
- Security Considerations including delegated User Authentication & Authorization
- Commercial arrangements including User Management
(RM Ch03 as a sub-section of Introduction)
Hybrid Multi-Cloud Enabled Edge Architecture
(PG: In the above diagram, replace "Local" with "Metro")
- The Telco Operator may own and/or have partnerships and network connections to utilize multiple Clouds
- for network services, IT workloads, external subscribers
- On Prem Private
- Open source; Operator or Vendor deployed and managed | OpenStack or Kubernetes based
- Vendor developed; Operator or Vendor deployed and managed | Examples: Azure on Prem, VMWare, Packet, Nokia, Ericsson, etc.
- On Prem Public: Commercial Cloud service hosted at Operator location but for both Operator and Public use | Example: AWS Wavelength
- Outsourced Private: hosting outsourced; hosting can be at a Commercial Cloud Service | Examples: Equinix, AWS, etc.
- (Outsourced) Public: Commercial Cloud Service | Examples: AWS, Azure, VMWare, etc.
- Multiple different Clouds can be co-located in the same physical location and may share some of the physical infrastructure (for example, racks)
| Type | System Developer | System Maintenance | System Operated & Managed by | Location where Deployed | Primary Resource Consumption Models |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Private (Internal Users) | Open Source | Self/Vendor | Self/Vendor | On Prem | Reserved, Dedicated |
| Private | Vendor | HCP | Self/Vendor | Self/Vendor | On Prem | Reserved, Dedicated |
| Public | Vendor | HCP | Self/Vendor | Self/Vendor | On Prem | Reserved, On Demand |
| Private | HCP | Vendor | Vendor | Vendor Locations | Reserved, Dedicated |
| Public (All Users) | HCP | Vendor | Vendor | Vendor Locations | On Demand, Reserved |
- Each Telco Cloud consists of multiple interconnected Regions
- A Telco Cloud Region may connect to multiple regions of another Telco Cloud (large capacity networks)
- A Telco Cloud also consists of interconnected local sites (multiple possible scenarios)
- A Telco Cloud's local site may connect to multiple Regions within that Telco Cloud or another Telco Cloud
- A Telco Cloud also consists of a large number of interconnected edge nodes
- Edge nodes may be impermanent
- A Telco Cloud's Edge node may connect to multiple local sites within that Telco Cloud or another Telco Cloud; an Edge node may rarely connect to an Telco Cloud Region
(RM Ch03 the new Edge Section)
Comparison of Edge terms from various Open Source Efforts
| Characteristics | Other Terms | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNTT Term? | Compute | Storage | Networking | RTT* | Security | Scalability | Elasticity | Resiliency | Preferred Workload Architecture | Upgrades | OpenStack | OPNFV Edge | Edge Glossary | GSMA | |
Regional Data Center (DC) Fixed | 1000's Standardised >1 CPU >20 cores/CPU | 10's EB Standardised HDD and NVMe Permanence | >100 Gbps Standardised | ~100 ms | Highly Secure | Horizontal and unlimited scaling | Rapid spin up and down | Infrastructure architected for resiliency Redundancy for FT and HA | Microservices based Stateless Hosted on Containers | HW Refresh: ? Firmware: When required Platform SW: CD | Central Data Center | ||||
Metro Data Centers Fixed | 10's to 100's Standardised >1 CPU >20 cores/CPU | 100's PB Standardised NVMe on PCIe Permanence | > 100 Gbps Standardised | ~10 ms | Highly Secure | Horizontal but limited scaling | Rapid spin up and down | Infrastructure architected for some level of resiliency Redundancy for limited FT and HA | Microservices based Stateless Hosted on Containers | HW Refresh: ? Firmware: When required Platform SW: CD | Edge Site | Large Edge | Aggregation Edge | ||
Edge Fixed / Mobile | 10's Some Variability >=1 CPU >10 cores/CPU | 100 TB Standardised NVMe on PCIe Permanence / Ephemeral | 50 Gbps Standardised | ~5 ms | Low Level of Trust | Horizontal but highly constrained scaling, if any | Rapid spin up (when possible) and down | Applications designed for resiliency against infra failures No or highly limited redundancy | Microservices based Stateless Hosted on Containers | HW Refresh: ? Firmware: When required Platform SW: CD | Far Edge Site | Medium Edge | Access Edge / Aggregation Edge | ||
Mini-/Micro-Edge Mobile / Fixed | 1's High Variability Harsh Environments 1 CPU >2 cores/CPU | 10's GB NVMe Ephemeral Caching | 10 Gbps Connectivity not Guaranteed | <2 ms Located in network proximity of EUD/IoT | Untrusted | Limited Vertical Scaling (resizing) | Constrained | Applications designed for resiliency against infra failures No or highly limited redundancy | Microservices based or monolithic Stateless or Stateful Hosted on Containers or VMs Subject to QoS, adaptive to resource availability, viz. reduce resource consumption as they saturate | HW Refresh: ? Firmware: ? Platform SW: ? | Fog Computing (Mostly deprecated terminology) Extreme Edge Far Edge | Small Edge | Access Edge | ||
*RTT: Round Trip Times
EUD: End User Devices
IoT: Internet of Things